Indian Film Industry - 2925 Words

INDIAN FILM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS(growth) The Indian Film Industry has been one of the oldest segments of the Indian entertainment industry. The Lumiere Brothers brought motion pictures to India in 1896, and since then there has been no looking back. Today, India has the worlds biggest movie industry that churns out around one thousand movies each year. The Indian Film Industry is witnessing mark improvements on all spheres - from the technology used in making films to the themes of the movies, exhibition, finance and marketing and even in its business environment. There is no doubt that the Indian Film Industry is finally getting corporatized in that sense. 2005 was a watershed year for the industry. Indian Film Producers are also looking†¦show more content†¦This has however not been the case with the rest of the states in India. Therefore, to avoid market fragmentation and distortions, a uniform and rational tax structure is required for the growth of the film industry. The funding of films either through non-banking finance companies, venture funds, corporate funds or through corporate finance, was a significant shift from the traditional film- financing model. IDBI was the first to start funding film production, that too, to big banners, big names and established film-personalities. The traditional model used amongst others distributors funds, personal finances of producers, money lenders. Obviously, there were inherent drawbacks attached to these modes of financing. Moreover, even banks are not forthcoming in financing film projects. Therefore, venture capital and private equity investment was clearly seen as a solution based on their appetite for risk and a conducive legal framework. Under the applicable law in India, there is no restriction on private equity investment into film making directly, without routing it, via venture capital regulations as venture capital. However, there are issues involved with such direct (non venture capital regulations routed) investment, which they could avoid by operating via applicable venture capital regulations. Corporatization of the Indian Film Industry has led to increasedShow MoreRelatedThe Indian Film Industry2071 Words   |  9 PagesThe Indian Film industry is largely a commercial industry with no state subsidies being provided. India is currently the world’s largest producer of films producing more than a 1000 films annually in 52 languages, selling more than 3.7 billion tickets worldwide and having over 400 production houses situated locally. 1288 films were released in India in 2009 (Central Board of Film Certification 6), compared to the USA, which released slightly more than half of India’s figure at 677 films (EuropeanRead MoreThe Indian Film Industry Of India1380 Words   |  6 Pages1. History of Bollywood Bollywood is the Hindi Film Industry of the country and a part of the Indian Film Industry. Bollywood is one of the largest film producers in India and one of the largest centers of film production in the world. However, the first films India watched were not made in Bollywood. The various stages of evolution of bollywood can be categorized as follows: Silent Era to Talkies (1930-1940): Dadasaheb Phalke, the father of Indian Cinema was a man with vision and courage. In theRead MoreBollywood : The Indian Film Industry1429 Words   |  6 PagesThe Indian film industry, popularly known as Bollywood, produces many catchy tunes each year via its production of numerous films. Hindi music has become popular as part of Bollywood where the actors convey their feelings through singing and dancing. It is not possible to talk about Hindi music without referring to the film the song belongs to, however, for the purpose of this essay the Indian film songs will be kept as independent as possible from the film which they belong to. To recognize theRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Indian Film Industry1566 Words   |  7 Pageseconomies in the world. It is home to Bollywood, the Hindi-language film industry. The name was coined from the famous American term that refers to its film industry, Hollywood and the Indian city of Bombay. The effect of globalization in the Indian mo vie industry has been mixed both with positive and negative attributes. The paper will examine a brief history of the Indian film industry highlighting how globalization has shaped the industry over the years. The discussion will highlight the effects of globalizationRead MoreAnalysis Of I Walked With A Zombie 1548 Words   |  7 PagesVal Lewton, I Walked with a Zombie is a film directed by Jacques Tourneur in 1943. I Walked with a Zombie, is a tale told in a suspenseful style which incorporates the usage of light and shadow instead of many special effects to portray a scary, compelling, and engaging story. Val Lewton described the film â€Å"a West Indian version of Jan Eyre,† with its abnormal first wife, its noble suffering husband, and its selfless nurse who becomes wife number two. The film is similar to Charlotte Bronte’s JaneRead MoreKrissh Case730 Words   |  3 PagesQ-1: How has indian film industry evolved through ages? A : Indian Cinema has completed 100 years of its inception in this very year. In the last 100years, the cinema has evolved genre wise and also technologically from black and white and silent to coloured and with special sound effect. When we talk about Indian film industries, the current scenario is very different from past due to change in technology. Today Indian film industries playing an important role in Indian economy. We can dividedRead MoreThe Bollywood Musical Of India Essay928 Words   |  4 Pagesintroduction of this paper, the first feature-length sound film in India was a musical, Alam Ara (1931). In India, it is rare to find a commercial film that is not a musical. In 1955, Munna was the first Hindi film that did not feature singing or dancing. While it received critical acclaim by international standards, it was a financial failure in India. Munna would be what many would consider an art film in India. The earliest Hindi films included many song numbers. Alam Ara had at least a dozenRead MoreThe Pact of Hindi Films in India Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pagesestablished arrival of film in India and how several factors have had an influence on the Bollywood industry, the paper will now explore the pact of Hindi films in India. Through commercialization, Bollywood reinforces the idea of the importance of materialism. Throughout a film, objects are constantly being presented in some form of product placement. Rather than entertainment, Hindi films are now being used as a means for advertisement and marketing. By constantly showing films in which an actor isRead More100 Years of Indian Cinema - 11448 Words   |  6 Pages100 YEARS OF INDIAN CINEMA Indian Cinema has now completed 100 years on April 21, 2012, a country where over 1,000 films are made every year, in several languages. During these long years Indian cinema has broken many new grounds and established several milestones. The Times of India, Indias major newspaper then, hailed it as the marvel of the century. As writer and essayist Mukul Kesavan wrote, The art of the cinema was fashioned in India at the same time as it was developed in the West. TheRead MoreThe Modernity of Bollywood1582 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Film is a form of art that is formally used as a means of entertainment. Yet, through time making films are now a part of a massive industry. This paper will explore the importance of entertainment, specifically films that are made in India. The focus of this paper will be to introduce the arrival of film in India through different time periods and how several historical events have impacted the Bollywood industry. Moreover, once a general idea of how Bollywood development through time

Unit CU1672 - Understand and meet the nutritional...

Understand the nutritional needs that are unique to individuals with dementia 1.1 - Describe how cognitive functional and emotional changes associated with dementia can affect eating drinking and nutrition: Cognitive: if cognitive ability is impaired a patient could forget to eat, or think they aren’t being fed at all as well as forgetting to drink etc, they may also leave cookers or other hot things on as they have forgotten they have put them on, Functional: They may not be able to feed themselves properly or be able to drink. They may not be able to hold or lift cutlery properly. Emotional: They may be too distressed to eat or drink may also forget that they need to eat or drink. 1.2 - Explain how poor nutrition can†¦show more content†¦Food can also help with a person’s memory and give them a feeling of belonging. It also helps them to keep interested in foods and drink. It also helps them to feel a part of their culture and again can help with memories from the past. 1.5 - Explain why it is important to include a variety of food and drink in the diet of an individual with dementia: It’s important for people to have a good well balanced diet to enable them to get the right nutrition’s they need to stay fit and healthy. It’s also important a person with dementia sees a nutritionist so they get the correct and balanced diet. Understand the effect that that mealtime environments can have on an individual with dementia 2.1 - Describe how mealtime cultures and environments can be a barrier to meeting the nutritional needs of an individual with dementia: The person may not be hungry at the set times, not like the food or be able to feed themselves alone and not have the help to feed them or be rushed to finished. They may not like crowded areas or have the equipment they need to feed themselves. 2.2 - Describe how mealtime environments and food presentation can be designed to help an individual to eat and drink: A calming and relaxing environment is needed and foods they like and enjoy as well as the help and support to enable them to eat and at a rate that is ideal for them. If crowds aren’t to their liking then maybe feeding them in their

Legacy System Security Continue Usage Acceptance-Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Legacy System Evaluation, Security Risk Continue Usage Acceptance. Answer: Introduction A legacy application is any business application that is based on older technologies yet continues to support core business functions of an organization (NASCIO;2008; Survey Section 2.1). This paper explains the constraints in using the legacy systems and the necessity of modernizing the legacy system. It briefly covers different approaches towards modernizing the legacy systems. The paper intents to evaluate a Legacy system, describe security risk associated with a legacy system. We will also cover a counter (Jones; 2010; The Closure Rule) thought as to why Legacy systems do not pose a problem. Abbreviations Abbreviation Description NASCIO National Association of State Chief Information Officers ADM Application Development Maintenance IT Information Technology SOA Service Oriented Architecture COTS Commercial-off-the-Shelf software EAI Enterprise Application Integration ROI Return on Investment What are Legacy Systems? Often Legacy systems are defined by the age of the IT system set up and grossly older IT setups are categorised as Legacy System. BUT, this defining criteria is not the sole factor but there are additional factors like supportability, risk, agility, staffing, adequately support 'line-of-business' that need to be factored in as well (NASCIO;2008; Survey Section 2.3). Legacy applications can be defined as a group of functions that share a common set of data and address the business needs for a particular domain. Often time the boundaries of a system are based on historical development not based on business needs. Mostly Legacy systems utilize a variety of non-relational database products are coded in 2nd or 3rd generation languages, and often run on obsolete mainframe computers. Challenges with Legacy System There has been a rapid change in the integration scenario in the last two decades. There has been a steady increase of new techniques and products needed to support them. With the rapid emergence of new technologies, businesses are facing a tremendous challenge to balance their current legacy investments, which they had made in the past. Some of the key challenges (NASCIO; 2008; Survey Section 2.5) faced by larger organisations to maintain and sustain with Legacy Systems are: Applications running on legacy systems are dependent on specific set of skilled resources. Retention of operations and skilled team becomes crucial for business. Maintenance required even for small legacy business system. Same functionality provided by duplicate set of applications functionality but possibly running on different technologies in isolation within same organization. Customization leading to different versions of same product. Cost of IT operation is higher. Legacy application may not be having good UI and may be difficult and costly to maintain and enhance. Difficulty in enhancement may lead to non compliance with regard to regulatory requirement. Difficult to roll out companywide changes as individual modules will be dependent on legacy systems. Due to legacy nature of the systems, functions like document generation, document printing may be not be achievable. Modernization of Legacy system Legacy modernization the term can be described as the practice of understanding and evolving the existing software to high performing assets with low total cost of ownership (TCO) and less investment. This is achievable by either one or combination (NASCIO; 2008; Survey Section 2.7) of the following: Data conversion Extension Virtualization/ Emulation Re-engineer or replace with a COTS software Applications wrapping Re-hosting/ Re-platforming Automated migration Renovation/ Re-architecting Utilize EAI to encapsulate and link legacy applications SOA integration The modernization process can be as simple as upgrading or enhancing the current legacy application or it can be as complex so that it may end up into high end migration. To summarize the overall purpose is to improve the functionality of IT system to achieve business objectives in a leaner fashion. Evaluation of a Legacy system Till now we have covered the different aspects of Legacy applications, challenges, requirement to modernise and benefits of modernization. Let us evaluate a Legacy IT system. The system we are going to analyse is an in-house system build in Mainframe/ COBOL code and is used as Core Banking Platform for a Large European private wealth management bank. The Legacy environment is an application sending screen images then receiving keyboard responses to and from a fixed function terminal. The terminals are usually 3270's with the screen images being 3270 formats created from BMS (Basic Mapping Services) source members for CICS and MFS (Message Formatting Services) source members for IMS. Legacy environment Layout Layer- 1 is an example of a mainframe that is configured to handle requests from 3270 terminals which are like fixed functions, majorly able to scroll text from left to right and from top to bottom. These 3270 terminals have functionality built into hardware. Layer-2 is an SSCP-PU connection Layer-3 is an example of set of 2- 3270 controllers. Layer-4 This layer is connection between the 3270 controller and the 3270 terminal and is LU-2 connection. Layer-5 Is actual 3270 terminal which is customer facing and has screen of 24 lines and 80 characters. Some customers customize the terminal to allow more rows and columns. There are various limitations with the Legacy System and are summarised below: Shortage of skill sets required for supporting the old system Technologies or software supports from respective vendors may not be available Build on old technologies and scope of improvement on the old technologies are limited Non-alignment between business strategies and IT Old system is resistant to agility an new changes in business models Total cost of ownership is high Security Risk with legacy Applications Legacy code imposes an unmeasured unaccounted risk. While substantial budget is spent on small enhancement and maintenance of legacy applications; sufficient security attention is not paid to them compared to new application development although legacy applications are equally under regulatory scrutiny. Many legacy applications developed for internal use with less focus on security sometimes exposed to internet due to reasons like business pressure, merger acquisitions, partnership and automation. (NASCIO; 2008; Table 6) Legacy applications are susceptible to security risk because many were designed with physical access restriction model in focus, at a time when computer crimes were rare and compliance mandates were negligent. Legacy applications exist in every organization and they function perfectly however operating system may no longer supported, patches are not provided the vendor (i.e. ATMs running Windows XP) or supported utilities are no longer compatible with upgrades. The way users interact with systems has changed drastically over the past few decades and each access method raises security concerns for legacy applications spanning across mainframe, desktop, client-server and web 1.0 applications. Legacy applications maintained by less-skilled administrators also poses significant threat as their ability to perform corrective and preventive action in-time is limited. Following is a list of Top 10 security issues found during our study: Data exchange over unencrypted channel makes it susceptible to sniffing attack Data stored in unencrypted form which allows unauthorised viewing of business critical and private information Decentralized access control applied through client and critical data/credentials are locally stored in weakly unencrypted form Buffer Overflow due to improper memory management (applicable to unmanaged code written in C/C++ applications) Human error in privilege assignment results in unauthorised users executing important programs/scripts on production data In web application, insufficient input and output validation allows web attacks such as SQL Injection and XSS Running insecure versions of COTS or open source component, lacking security protections built into newer versions give opportunities to adversary to compromise the server Centralized database is accessed to all operating system users. CRUD operations are possible through database client and without application software One users terminal-emulation client macro is available to another user allowing impersonated execution Absence of audit trails / Logs make it almost impossible to investigate security incidents Why legacy systems do not pose a problem? Despite various initiatives and reasons highlighted above there are Enterprises that continue to use Legacy Applications. They accept the usage of this Legacy application for Business functionality and invest on the maintenance and necessary patching, upgrade, bug fixes of these legacy systems. Below are some of the reasons that we could identify and these can serve as supporting points in the context of retaining and maintain legacy application considering all the discussions we have done in above heads: 1) Dependency: Business is heaving dependent on Legacy application which becomes a bottleneck 2) Small functionality: Sometimes enterprise develop new modules for new business functions but for old or small business function which are associated with legacy application, they follow the as-is approach 3) Transformation project Failures: Due to fear of project failure some enterprise does not take a move for modernization 4) Line of Business: If Legacy application is able to serve the business functionality then the approach is not to disturb the current (legacy) ecosystem 5) Funding: Transformation project are generally mapped to technology enhancement and are not business requirement driven and hence minimal or less funding available. 6) Integration hiccups: If one legacy system is transformed then there may be integration challenges with other dependent legacy system or else enterprise has to revamp whole IT system which is difficult and challenging. 7) Legacy Application Know-how: In order to transform current (legacy) system should be known well so that there are no surprises once the new system is launched. But there is always a lack of Legacy application knowledge because of gap in documentation, knowledge sharing. This is also a challenge. 8) Staff Resistance: staff do not want to come out of comfort zone and hence resist any changes. 9) Data migration issues: Transforming Legacy application inherently brings another project of data migration which needs to be catered from following perspective: Data Quality Data Cleansing Data Mapping 10) Customization: Mostly legacy systems are in-house build and are totally customised as per specific business needs which enterprise does not want to lose. These are just few of the factors that are drivers for business to retain and maintain legacy system. Conclusion Migration of legacy to new infrastructure is an attractive proposal considering the challenges faced in running legacy applications. However, many organisations are deferring capital investments due to tougher economical situations various other reasons. Added to that, legacy applications are often complex and require good preparation probably an expensive project for migration to new infrastructures. Therefore, alternate initiatives must be explored. Optimizing legacy applications can be instrumental in reducing IT costs. After necessary cost system optimization analysis, if it is observed that there is no scope for further optimization, then the migration/transformation can be considered to be one of the options. References Jones.R, 2010, Finding the Good Argument OR Why Bother With Logic?, The Closure Rule NASCIO, 2008, Digital States at Risk!: Modernizing Legacy Systems, Survey Section 2.1: definition NASCIO, 2008, Digital States at Risk!: Modernizing Legacy Systems, Survey Section 2.3: criteria NASCIO, 2008, Digital States at Risk!: Modernizing Legacy Systems, Survey Section 2.5: drivers NASCIO, 2008, Digital States at Risk!: Modernizing Legacy Systems, Survey Section 2.7: modernization methods NASCIO, 2008, Digital States at Risk!: Modernizing Legacy Systems, Table 2: drivers NASCIO, 2008, Digital States at Risk!: Modernizing Legacy Systems, Table 6: Enterprise Risk Lamb.J, 2008, Legacy systems continue to have a place in the enterprise, Retrieved on Sept 13 from https://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Legacy-systems-continue-to-have-a-place-in-the-enterprise

Search For Peace Essays - Phillips Exeter Academy, A Separate Peace

Search For Peace Searching for peace can be a challenge when every thing around you has something to do with war. Growing up can be difficult as well but through the tough times people become more knowledgeable. In A Separate Peace, by John Knowles, Finny, Gene, and Leper each struggle find peace and escape reality without having to face the truths to their lives. For Leper, Finny, and Gene, it is hard to find tranquility with a war happening around them. For example, Finny couldn't find serenity with himself because of his broken leg and that caused him to devise the idea of the fake war. It was hard for him to be happy because of his disability. Because of this, he felt useless and so he produced this idea so he could be at ease and not be an outcast. In addition, Leper looks for a beaver dam instead of working to be carefree and escape the war, we all volunteered?But not Leper.? He does this because he is afraid that a change in his life may disrupt his quiet state. By escaping through nature, he is avoiding the truths to his life. Furthermore, Gene fins a challenge in being placid because of his situation with Finny. He is unsure of his own opinion because he is used to agreeing with Finny, that he never developed his own thoughts and ideas. It's not until Finny's death that he finds his peace. With all these things happening around them t hey struggle to be mellow but find a similar relief in the fact that they will always have their own separate peace at Devon. Through all these events, all the characters suffer their own hardships. For example, Gene loses the friend he never knew he had. He was so busy competing with Finny that he never realized what a true friend he was. All his jealousy towards him turned to hate and eventually ended in tragedy. In addition, Leper suffers by discovering things about himself that he never realized. He learns that he is tired of pleasing other people all the time, ?What's she got to be pleased about?I'm pleasing myself!?(134). All he wants is someone who cares for him and that's what he's hoping to get when Gene comes to visit him. Furthermore, Finny endures the pain of realizing that he was misled by the one he cared about the most. For Gene the friendship was a bitter rivalry but for Finny, it was the best thing that ever happened to him. They each suffer through all this, but Finny suffers the most by being forced to face the truth about his accident. All this shows how they each tolerate pain through m aturity, and learn more about life. As each of the characters grow up, they become more knowledgeable. For example, Leper truly finds himself when he comes home from war. This ?crazy? Leper is who he really is. He was never sure of himself because he was always too busy escaping reality. In addition, Finny becomes more knowledgeable after he finds the truth about his accident. He was resentful towards Gene for doing such a thing; ?You want to break something else in me! Is that why you're here!? (76). His friendship with Gene was part of what kept him composed and the truth shattered his false representation of reality. Furthermore, when the truth about Finny's accident comes out, Gene world is shattered, and he sees everything around him the way it really is. This view gives him a better understanding of life. He learns that you can't just escape reality because it will always be there. Through all these events these characters become more knowledgeable by learning more about themselves and the world around them. Throughout the story, each character finds that growing up is a complex and hazardous task. In the search for peace, they lose a sense of reality but gain maturity. They also lose a sense of security that gave them the common bond they shared at Devon. English Essays