Just War Theory Essay

The Just War theory consists of 6 rules, which have to be obeyed when fighting at war against another country. The six rules are that war must be a last resort, those who are attacked deserve it, promote good over evil, the right amount of force must be applied, civilian death have to be avoided and the war must be started and controlled by the government. Wars such as the one in Afghanistan, do not in many ways follow this theory. The war does not in any ways promote good over evil and civilian death are never avoided, as many innocent civilians are killed when getting caught in the middle of cross-fires etc. I will conduct a case study on the Iraq war, further on in this essay. If I was able to add one extra agreement to the Just War theory, I would add that violence should always be kept to a minimum. I think this because violence causes the world’s most deaths in society today. This, in my opinion, is completely wrong and unacceptable as people should be able to live in a safe and free society, but this is never possible as you always have to be watching around you, as with some cases, you don’t know actually who to trust. To conduct a case study on the Iraq war, you would need to study the background history leading up to the start of the war in 2002-2003. Tony Blair (ex-prime minister) believed that Iraq were making nuclear weapons to lock themselves in a nuclear arms race, which could have potentially caused devastating consequences for the region and the wider world in general. This accusation caused the British and US forces to move in and declare a war with Iraq. British government believed that Iraq should not be allowed to develop nuclear weapons, and this is why Blair confronted Saddam Hussain (Iraq leader) to try to find out facts, and this ended in Blair declaring war with Iraq. Several years on now, in 2010, we now have a clear understanding that there was never any nuclear weapons out in Iraq, and in my opinion, we are fighting a war which was never ours and we are losing people in our country and society which lives should have never been lost in the first place. Shouldn’t we be only at war to help benefit our country? This is why some people send accusations and believe that Tony Blair is the one to blame for our British soldiers losing their lives out in Iraq. When you come down to think about it, the Just War theory comes into effect at only one point in the Iraq war. ‘War is started and controlled by the government’ comes into effect as the British government started the war and are still controlling it, 8 years after war was declared. The point that was never followed was ‘those who are attacked deserve it’. I believe this because in my opinion, we are in Iraq and we are attacking for no reason, as there is nothing which could benefit our country in any way. The Iraq war also does not promote good over evil, as in my opinion, how can going to war, ever promote good? Wouldn’t going to war be a bad thing and God would be against it? But on the other hand, the good of society would never go to war in the first place; you would only see evil at war. War should be avoided, using whatever ways possible. Â  

Leadership and Management Essay

Education is a very important institution due to the role it plays in transmitting social skills and knowledge required of any member of the society (Hofman, Gray & Daly, 2004). It is worth noting that the levels of development of a country’s education systems bears close correlation to the economic and social conditions that the said country will afford. It is therefore upon members of the society and the education system to ensure that members of the society achieve as much as possible from this system. High attainment in eduction is far much beneficial than low level education in the modern society due to the high level of educational attainment. A doctorate degree is currently what an undergraduate degree was in the 1990’s (Hofman, Gray & Daly, 2004). The level of educational attainment requires an individual to posses at least a masters degree to stand out among others. The need to stand above others and gain some advantage over them in the competitive job market is the main reason for my pursuance of a doctoral degree. In choosing educational leadership and management of higher institutions in Singapore the key consideration was my vocation. I have personally worked in the educational field in different capacity. Having served as an assistant head of international programs at Crestar institute, human resource management with a Christian association, lectured English at Kaplan city campus and being a full time consultant trainer at NTUC, my life has centred around management and higher institution of learning. Understanding the nature of higher education leadership and management in Singapore is therefore relevant to my career. Relevance of USQ Doctorate studies is about mastery and application of principles and theories studied in class. A doctorate graduate should be able to analyse and relate issues related to their area of specialisation by giving varied dimension. Doctorate graduates are expected to be above other levels not just in their approach to thinking but they must also display high levels of norms and values expected of the society (Mok, 2006). Mastery of principles that are relevant to the needs of the society, and the development of norms and values that are expected of the society are just but a few of the benefits expected of a USQ professional doctorate; it is thus clear that the program not only makes better specialists but also better members of the society by integrating the values of determination, team spirit and courage into the students. The role played by the education system just like any other social systems cannot be done by any other system. Propagation of social norms and development of skills that are relevant to the needs of the society are some of the objectives of the education system. Though the education systems is one of the oldest institution, the development of the higher educations sector in Singapore is a recent event. Singapore’s education system though quite organised as compared to its neighbours’ is faced with a number of challenges (Lee & Fredriksen, 2008). Most challenges in the education system can be traced to the management and leadership of the education system. Despite the education system being a social systems it still falls prey to the effects of partisan politic. The involvement of the central government on educational matter cannot be avoided since the education system is under the government’s care, however, the education system should be shielded from the negative effects of poor politics. Corruption lack of professional knowledge and nepotisms are some of the issue that affect the education systems at the low level. Researching on education management and leadership in higher education sector not only develops my research skills but also ensure awareness on issues that affect management and leadership of higher education sector and is therefore relevant to efficient delivery in future. Personal Capabilities Doctorate studies require good academic background and interest in the area of study. Determination defines me; level of education attainment and the nature of jobs that I have been involved in give me the experience and skills required to undertake a doctorate course. I am well versed in the management of the education system and problems faced by low level personnel like tutors and professors. My position places me in a situation where I can look at the issues from both the management and implementation level which is a capability that few have. My academic qualification is beyond question for I am a holder of a masters degree in education. I therefore possess the skills and qualification required of doctorate degree and there is no cause for worry on my abilities. Literature Review The education system thought critical to the development of the society is no stranger to controversy. Implementation of the education system goals has especially been under fire with some coming up with the view that the education system, just like any other social system is responsible for social reproduction (Kassem, Mufti & Robinson, 2006). The education systems is seen by such critics as a tool used by those in power to ensure they maintain their position while disregarding the needs of the less empowered. It is quite true that commercialisation of education has led to increase in levels of educational attainment. Increase in levels of educational attainment is characterised by increase in the cost of acquiring higher education. The costs of education at a level that is relevant to the development of technical skills required by the job market is high and borders exploitation (Kassem, Mufti & Robinson, 2006). Projection shows that the cost of education is likely to go up with increase in demand for education. This is blamed on commercialisation of education which has made it business like and therefore probe to the market forces of supply and demand the only differences being that the demand is always on a high. On the other hand, the commercialisation of education and strategies developed by the government and other stakeholders who are blamed for the problems facing education by social reproduction theorists is cited as the first step towards the development of the high education sector (Mok, 2006). Take China as an example, the reforms which included allowing privatisation of the higher education sector and formulation and implementation of cost sharing mechanism are cited as the key driving factors to the levels of development achieved (Mok, 2006).

Case Study About Frauds in Information System Essay

1. Compose a summary of the case. Include how the fraud was perpetrated, the characteristics of the perpetrator(s) who committed the fraud, the role the auditor(s) had in the case, and the direct and indirect effects the incident had on the organization’s stakeholders (customers, vendors, employees, executive committee, and board of directors). Comerica is being sued by Experi- Metal’s for a $560,000 phishing attack to their bank account. Experi- Metal, a custom auto- parts maker, was hit by phishing criminals in January 2009. The fraud was perpetrated when the bank’s vice president received a phishing email telling him to fill out online paperwork to perform scheduled maintenance. The e-mail appeared to have been sent from the bank. The email was sent from phishing criminals) Once the president sent over his credentials the attack was started. Experi- Metal accused Comerica of failing to take immediate action that could have eliminated some of the loss. The bank processed over a million dollars in wires from the companies account. The attack was done in a matter of hours. Criminals tried to move millions of dollars to an Eastern Europe account. Comerica learned of the attack within four hours of the fraud. J.P. Morgan Chase contacted Comerica to report suspicious activity in the account. The criminals were funding money into the Chase Accounts to move it overseas to Russia and Estonia. Comerica shut down the scam but it was after the business lost money. Comerica shut down the account but still processed 15 wires after finding out about the scam. Comerica filed suit against the bank for the phishing attack and to try to recoup some of the money that was paid out through the phishing attack. The characteristics of the perpetrator are usually people from abroad and the emails have spelling errors. The attacks come from abroad and the emails will contain misspelled and transposed letters. The attackers send out thousands of emails trying to get an individual to respond. The emails are intended to trick users into clicking on the link and entering their personal information. The email will impersonate a company such as a bank. The email will state there is a problem and need the individual to verify their information. It will include a cause of action prompting the user to respond or delete. The direct and indirect effects on the organization’s stakeholders were the bottom line would be understated because of the lost of money. â€Å"Phishing scams deceive you into revealing your personal, banking, or financial information through links in email that refer your browser to a look- alike fake website that requests your personal, banking and/ or financial†.(Roddel, 2008, pg. 93) The board of directors would need to put something in place with the bank to make sure this doesn’t happen again. This is a lack of internal controls because the vice president should have verified the email before providing his credentials. The direct impact is to cripple the company and its availability of funds, breach confidentiality, and safety. Phishing has a negative impact on a company’s revenue which is a direct impact on the stakeholders. The direct effect could include legal fees, and additional marketing expense to recapture lost revenues. An organization should communicate with its stakeholders when a phishing attack happens to eliminate the stakeholders losing confidence in the organization. An indirect effect to stakeholders is responding to media inquiries, and delivering messages to parties affected. 2. Suggest the fraud classification(s) the case can be categorized into (based on the data processing model). Include your rationale for the classification. â€Å"By far the most common form of corporate identity theft used by fraudsters is ‘phishing’. Phishing involves fraudsters sending e-mails under the guise of a bank or other reputable company, which appear authentic, to customers or users of that particular company. The emails invite them to log on to the company’s website and verify their account details, including their personal identification details† (Simmons & Simmons, 2003, pg. 8). The controller of Experi-Metal’s received an email that appeared to be urgent. The email stated the bank needed to carry out scheduled maintenance on its banking software. It instructed the controller to log in to the website via the link in the email. The email appeared to come from Comerica’s online banking site. The site asked the controller to enter a security code. The website was fraudulent and was used to get the information to process the fraudulent wires. 3. Suggest the type of controls that may have been in place at the time of the violation. The goal of any organization is to prevent or limit the impact of phishing attacks. The company probably had an in house phishing plan in place. Corporate organizations have policies and procedures to help deter phishing attacks. This should have included training of employees to avoid a phishing attack. The controls in place at Experi-Metal probably included a preventive plan that consisted of employee training and e-mail filters. There needs to be more effective controls in place to prevent this from happening in the future. The controller should never have given his personal information out online without verifying through the bank. Management has to be made aware of the types of phishing attacks through education and an effective policy needs to be in place to cover these types of attacks. The system did not fail it was the actions of the controller which led to the phishing attack. 4. Recommend two (2) types of controls that could be implemented to prevent fraud in the future and additional steps management can take to mitigate losses. â€Å"Avoid emailing personal and financial information. If you get an unexpected email from a company or government agency asking for your personal information, contact the company or agency cited in the email, using a telephone number you know to be genuine, or start a new Internet session and type in the Web address that you know is correct† (McMillian, 2006, pg. 160). A variety of efforts aim to deter phishing through law enforcement, and automated detection. One thing that should be stressed at Experi- Metal is never follow links in an email claiming to be from a bank. Bank institutions never ask you to verify your online banking username and password. The controller should have contacted the bank and verified the information before he entered the code. The motto is trust no email or web site. The business should have in place controls to keep this from happening going forward. Second, Experi- Metal should install a good Anti-virus and firewall protection software and adjust the settings to tighten up web security. Any customer or business that has an excessive amount of wires the bank should place a stop on the account and it needs to be verified before anymore wires are processed. Experi-Metal could have positive pay on the account and this would eliminate any wires from being processed without their approval. Additional employee training should be offered to help employee’s be able to notice fraudulent emails. An individual should never respond to any emails asking for personal information. The bank should follow policy to protect and inform customers about fraudulent activity. 5. Judge the punishment of the crime (was it appropriate, too lenient, or too harsh) and whether the punishment would serve as a deterrent to similar acts in the future. The court ruled in favor of Experi- Metal in the case. Comerica was held liable for over half a million dollars stolen from Experi-Metal. The punishment was not hard because Comerica failed to act in good faith when it processed over 100 wire transfers in a few hours. The bank should have stopped the wire transfers and contacted the company. A customer is holding a bank responsible to keep their money safe. Most of the money was recovered but the judge ruled in favor of Experi-Metal based on the fact the bank did not respond quick enough in stopping the wire transfers. Banks are doing a better job at spotting fraud because of this case but there is still room for improvement. This was a major case because it put pressure on banks to strengthen their security posture. The judge is holding the banks responsible to the safe keeping of a company’s money.

Economic Forecast for Lowes (the home improvement store) Research Proposal

Economic Forecast for Lowes (the home improvement store) - Research Proposal Example Unusual from the responsibility of the company to make the energy profitable and more transparent, it needs other big companies to publish yearly report that shows their revenue profits and costs also the separated figures should be presented for the purposes of supply. The future consumers of electricity should be given great attention as part of the objective that it is aiming in order to improve the transparency and the profitability of the electricity company. This would instill confidence to the new firms that are willing to venture into the electricity using market business as well as any other business that uses energy in its production. Lowe’s data also assists the business people to asses and monitor their business on how much capital it spends on the electricity bills. The company will always lower the price of the products that it produces if only the price of the electricity is lowered by the company that produces it, this will lead to increased profits on its part as they will lower the prices of their products hence attract many customers hence higher sales that will lead to increased profit.

World War II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

World War II - Essay Example The war mainly caused many economic consequences that resulted in some affected countries lagging behind in development to the extent of not regaining their economic power even many years after the war. The main origin of this war was the creation of the German-Japanese-Italian alliance in the early 1930s. The formation of this alliance was with sole intention of expanding their boundaries by conquering their weaker neighbors. The older colonial powers such as Britain, Holland, and France were not impressed by this move from their rivals. Italy and German had entered into the colonial scramble like their rivals but because they developed late, they lacked the best territories that were strategically placed. The little territories they managed to acquire did not satisfy their increasing demands to expand their boundaries due to the little economic significance that the territories possessed. Tension arouse as the Triple Alliance, Germany, Italy, Japan and Hungary wanted to expand their territories by any means possible even if it was by conquering the Triple Entente’s, Britain, France and Russia, territories. The Triple Alliance wanted to conquer these territories due economi c reasons. Most of these territories were rich in minerals such as gold, diamond, and silver. These territories also had rich and fertile lands that the Triple Alliance realized would be useful to cultivate crops that would provide raw materials for their factories (McDonough, 1997). After the First World War, there was a critical breakdown in the international payments system. The production levels in many countries fell, thus affecting the international trade. Rich minerals such as gold was only concentrated in the hands of the capitalists nations such as Britain, USA, France and their allies. Despite the fact that they possessed plenty of gold, these specific nations were also in control of major resources and raw materials all over the world. This economic factor led to a

Corporate finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Corporate finance - Essay Example What is however important to note that these crises were largely unanticipated as they emerged due to the subprime mortgages which form a very little percentage of the overall activity that take place in the financial markets. This therefore raises the question of how many investors actually mispriced the risk that has to be included into the pricing of the securities given the fact that market participants always form rational expectations about the future equilibrium prices. Rational Expectations theory forms the basis of some of the most important macroeconomic models in recent times. The formation of the efficient market hypothesis is also one of the macroeconomic models which utilizes the rational expectations theory and assert that market participants always form rational expectations about the future equilibrium prices. Thus it is useless in predicting the future financial crises as the market participants already discount such future information into their risk calculations.(Hui & Lui, 2002). However, despite such theoretical assumptions, the current global financial crises were more of a shock for most of the participants as they emerged out of blue and affected almost every market on the earth. This paper will attempt to discuss the question of predicting the future financial crises in the light of efficient market hypothesis and rational expectations and will attempt to answer the question by considering the current global financial crises. The current financial crises has slowed down the pact of economic growth in many countries including US and UK and many governments have to inject money in order to save their financial systems from complete collapse. These financial crises apparently emerged due to the imprudent banking practices and resulting lending into the subprime mortgage sector. Over the period of time, the competition for banks became stronger and banks, thanks to de-regulation, were allowed to engage themselves into practices which

Tourism in California and the Environmental Concerns Essay

Tourism in California and the Environmental Concerns - Essay Example Initially, people were inspired by the California dream and left their assets behind and started their journey in search of California they dreamt off. When they reached there, they had to face despair and disappointment as things were not as they perceived it to be. These people then had to go back without any memories or anything to show; at times people did not even reach back safely. The image of California being extravagant and adored is fairly a very recent picture and if one goes in depth of it then there's a very deep history attached to it. The present state of California is because of the hard work and efforts of the miners who were in search of the California dream. Through their struggle, California has been founded And has been transforming its state resulting in the steady ongoing of the heritage of this dream. California dream is not just about this place but it contains an amalgamation of the people and the dream which they are living. This dream is not just about the positives aspects of California but it also contains many different puzzles that need to be fit together in order to see this dream turn to reality. California is a hub of activities with various opportunities that bring numerous opportunities and hence guarantees a successful way to lead a life for all those who reside in California. It is also known as a place where the sun is endless. California is about hard work, efforts, beauty, beautiful tanned women, bright sunny days, and breezy nights. California is one of the most densely polluted countries of the world. Pollution has literally damaged the entire state in such a way that its impact is very obvious. Tourism is an essential part of the California economy. California is one of those countries that are a major tourist attraction; California has the honour of housing the home of all legendary actors that is Hollywood. From amazing shopping malls to Hollywood and an amazing blend of various restaurants, California offers every thing that a tourist wants during vacations. Tourism in California is very expensive.

The Importance of Diversity in the Workplace Research Paper

The Importance of Diversity in the Workplace - Research Paper Example resource professionals of a company must know how to deal with Communications, Change and Adaptability to monitor and to effectively bring about normality in the environment where so many ethnicities are working together in harmony. This is the need of the time now that diversity increases over the future upcoming years, however the companies are now very vigilant with this and they are ready to spend a lot to recognise this factor and manage on diversity at the workplaces. The more an organization accepts the cultural diversity in itself, the more is their ratio of making more profits and the more beneficial is this factor for them. And, in the corporate environment, when diversity is handled carefully, there are so many benefits that come their way that they might not realise: A greater number of solutions to the problems, resources and a great variety of sourcing can be done by diversity. All the employees coming from different ethnic groups and different cultures bring along different talents that help in customer satisfactions and bringing diverse kind of methods to handle the corporate matters which are only in the advantage of the companies that they are employed in. A large pool of ideas and concepts arise when so many different languages and so many cultural perspectives are mixed together in one place which helps the company to maintain or fasten the pace in their business matters and daily tasks. This way the customers can be handled and also they can be managed perfectly. Companies that inhibit the cultural diversity are on a loss big time, however on the contrary, the companies that encourage this thing, flourish over the period and greater productivity, return on investments and profits are encountered. The first barrier could be the ways of perception and the language barriers, and for a company to flourish, it needs to overcome these key barriers as they a long way otherwise and make the teamwork and morale of the teams get ineffective. Some

Marketing Synthesis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing Synthesis - Research Paper Example Competitive advantage therefore relates to the sustainability of a given business in relation to the threats and competition posed by businesses that are in the same markets as the entity in question. PPGL maintains a competitive advantage because it remains profitable and it controls a significant share of the market of consumers who seek babies, children and adults clothing and related equipments. Additionally, the financial statements of PPGL shows that continues to make profits and is listed on the New Zealand stock exchange as a public company. â€Å"Differentiation involves creating differences in the firms product offerings that set it apart from competing offerings† (Ferrell & Hartline, 2010 p209). Differentiation therefore refers to the ability of a business to give a unique and distinct offering to consumers. This will ensure that consumers will prefer to buy their products rather than other products. Differentiation is based on the added value that a business gives to its consumers that cannot be obtained elsewhere. PPGL has a wide range of products, most of which are unique in appearance and design. They provide seasonal ranges that are always different from what others offer and focus on contemporary designs that are appreciated by the middle-class of New Zealand. Total product offering refers to the idea of developing a unique product into a form that is acceptable for the market place (Longenecker, 2009 p160). In other words, total product/service offering is about how a business presents a given product that it sells to the public. It is concerned with branding, packaging, labeling and related issues like warranties (Longenecker, 2009 p160). PPGL has five unique brands for women and adults: Who is Henri, Spirit, Concept, Isobelle & Live.Love.Play. It also has a range of 21 brands that are related to babies clothing and equipment. All these brands provide a range of cloths that have different images and appeal to different units of

Literary discourses in the modern literary theory Essay

Literary discourses in the modern literary theory - Essay Example It has been maintained that "the reading of literary narratives is best characterized as point driven-a process in which the reader considers what the narrator is getting at [and] that point-driven reading involves a sense of an author seeking to make a point." (Miall, 339) One of the most effective strategies of attaining the literary meaning of piece is reading for point which includes different components such as coherence, attention to surface features, and the transactional stance. It is possible and largely illumining to engage in a literary activity of reading for point in order to arrive at the meaning of the literary creations. The significance of the structural elements in the creation of a cohesive and coherent narrative discourse in fiction is often emphasised. This paper focuses on a profound and reflective analysis of the structural elements in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen with close reference to the novel, which make the piece a cohesive and coherent narrative di scourse. Though different in objective and function, structure and meaning are interconnected and it is the relation between the two which make a literary discourse meaningful. The important relation between structure and meaning in literary discourse needs to be clearly comprehended. ... very work possesses a structure, which is the articulation of elements derived from the different categories of literary discourses; and this structure is at the locus of the meaning." (Todorov et al., 141) An evaluation of the relation between structure and meaning in literary works through the years confirms the significance of readings in literary discourse which focus on these elements. Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen provides one of the best illustrations of the pertinent relation between structure and meaning in literary discourse. It is obvious that the structural elements in the novel make it a cohesive and coherent narrative discourse and an analysis of the novel's narrative structure substantiates the point. The structural elements include narrative structure as well as constituents and linkage. In Pride and Prejudice, the best known and probablythebest liked novel by Austen, the narrative structure, the relation among story, plot, structure, system, rules, the cohesion, coherence and congruence in story etc contribute to the structural elements, which ultimately bring about the meaning to the novel. An analysis of the narrative structure of the novel is important and the sociolinguist Labov's Model of Natural Narrative, which is a prolific model of analysis in stylistics, provides with an effective tool in this regard. As Labov's model focuses on the everyday discourse practices of actual speakers in actual social circumstances, it has a great validity in literary analyses. Labov made use of the various stories by informers from many diverse backgrounds and "isolates the core, recurrent features that underpin a fully formed natural narrative. Six key categories are rendered down from this body of data." (Simpson, 114) According to the model, there are

Avoiding Burn-out in Community College Technical Educators Term Paper

Avoiding Burn-out in Community College Technical Educators - Term Paper Example Role conflict, role ambiguity, lack of intellectual work environment, and absence of institutional support to counter stress and development of burnout, are some of the issues educators cope with. Further, the teaching of online courses present new issues that community college educators have to additionally deal with. The occurrence and consequences of burnout in the faculty will be identified. To avoid developing burnout and to prevent stress, various effective techniques and strategies will be examined. These include: increasing the academic scholarship of community college educators to raise their knowledge background for enhanced student outcomes, applying the wellness approach to avoiding faculty burnout, workshops for reducing burnout, the provision of an environment of social support by community colleges, administrators’ promotion of faculty vitality, implementation of effective strategies to reduce workplace stress and consequent burnout, and the faculty eliminating burnout by improving their relationship with work. Avoiding Burnout in Community College Technical Educators Introduction Community colleges are public-funded institutions providing two year courses in higher education, mainly for the local community (Cohen & Brawer, 2009). Community colleges generally offer certificates, diplomas and/ or Associate degrees for various courses. A wide range of teaching personnel are employed by community colleges. The faculty may include â€Å"full time teaching instructors, part-time or adjunct instructors, librarians, staff in student personnel services† (Miller, Finley & Vancko, 2000, p.22), and occasionally college administrators teaching a course. Because of excessive work loads, diverse and academically under-prepared students, greater pressure for meeting performance expectations, increased accountability and other challenges, community college technical educators commonly experience burnout. Burnout is a depressive disorder which devel ops gradually over a period of time. It arises from an individual’s perceptions of unmet needs, unfulfilled expectations or threatening conditions. Besides progressive disillusionment as well as decline in self-esteem, the individual’s perception of being trapped in the situation and inability to cope with their feelings of hopelessness lead to the condition (Gold & Roth, 1993). Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the significance of community colleges, identify the challenges affecting teaching effectiveness of the faculty, examine the prevalence of burnout in community college technical educators, and determine effective means by which the faculty can avoid burnout. Community Colleges and their Significance Increasing numbers of students opt to complete their first two years of post-secondary education at community colleges. At present there are more than eleven hundred community colleges in the United States enrolling approximately 6.6 mill ion students, and employing around three hundred and thirty thousand full time faculty. â€Å"Community college faculty in the United States constitutes a major labor force, and represents one-third of all postsecondary faculty† (Levin, Kater & Wagoner, 2006, p.3). The two-year colleges function as stepping stones to higher education courses consisting of fewer years, which would otherwise be inaccessible for many students on the basis of costs as well as adequate academic preparation.

Impact of Training and Developement on Employees Essay Example for Free

Impact of Training and Developement on Employees Essay 1.1 Introduction The purpose of training is to help people learn something they need to know or able to do for specific purpose such as to achieve organizational objectives and goals, carry out specific tasks, prepare new responsibilities or attain their correct goals. Successful training programs share they affect changes, that are designed to achieve objectives that describe what people will be able to do as result of training are learned centered, not trained centered. According to paymond A. Noe etal, 2011: p 7 training is a planed effort to enable employees to learn job related knowledge, skills and behavior. For example many organizations offer safety training to teach employees work safety habits . development involves acquiring knowledge, skill and behavior that improve employees ability to meet the challenges of a variety of new or existing jobs, including client and customer demands of those jobs (Ibid). Development programs often focus on preparing employees for management responsibility, like wise if company plans to set up teams to manufacture products , it may offer development program to help employee learn the ins and outs of effective team work. Development implies â€Å"learning that is not necessary to related to employees current job† and development indicates that it is future oriented (M. londom 1989) training has the distinct role in achievement of an organizational goal by incorporating the interests of organization and the work force( stone R.j Human resource management, 2002) . however Training and development focus on enabling the employees to perform their duties better While HR functions focus on the day to day operations of the company, such as payroll, disability, and employee and management conflicts or issues. HR protects employees and the company by following the correct and legal guidelines for resolutions. 1.2 back ground of organization In 1994 STC (Somaliland Telecommunication Corporation) established by one of Somalilander and it was first Telecommunication Company in Somaliland. Later company started to open share by public in order to maximize capacity of the company. Then company expand service throughout main cities of Somaliland, such as Berbera Burco, Boorama and Lowyocado, then it become the biggest Telecommunication Company in Somaliland at that time It was booming for several years then conflict between partner the main source of the conflict was the administration. Which makes difficult the company to be competitive position compare to other that is why liquidation comes too finally. In 2006 January group of Somalilander, and Somalis bought the whole company they change the name of the company, from STC to SITALINK under the name of SITALINK it was working couple years. In 2008 JULY the name charge once more in to NATIONLINK, which is right now legal name of the company. This is Telecommunication Company that offering Service is All the Somaliland, Somali and other countries like central Africa, Congo, and Switzerland and so on. This is Company corporate. Services offering This Company like: * Mobile Service (GSM) * Landlines (PSTN) * Internet (ISP) * E- Mail, Cash Payment (Mobile Money) * VoIP Service Vision Working toward the future demands that we not only focus on todays needs, but also develop technologies for the needs of tomorrow. Mission Change and dynamic thinking is a distinguishing feature we relished over the years. In order To keep up with the pace of innovation and growth in the business of telecommunication our only choice is to embrace forward thinking and better adaptation to change. To perfect the art of better adaptation to changes is not a matter of choice, but out of sheer necessity. 1.3 statement of problem My preliminary indirect observation shows us that there is no specific policy of training and development that is guided to employees. And also invested employees with high cost of training which are sometimes sent to overseas, move from the organization, hence this is loss and it affects the efficiency of an organization. but on the other hand Nation link has all mostly HR policies that is written on organizational procedures, which are delivered to employees in order to act on their activities. As human resource officer of Nation link told the researcher that their HR policies based on Somaliland labor law. 1.3 Research questions 1.4.1 Did they have HR policy? If yes what did their policy state training and development program conducted in their organization? 1.4.2 Is there any criterion to select trainees? 1.4.3 What is training methods used? 1.4.4 Did training and development program have impact on organization’s performance? 1.4.5 Who do they use to do their training; ? 1.4 objective of the study 1.5.6 general objectives of the study is to assess the impact of training and development on employees performance of Nation link 1.5.7 The specific objective are :- a.) To establish HR policy especially training and development policy b.) To describe how they select trainees   c.) To know training method(s) used to conducting training. d.) To understand that training and development have impact on performance of an organization. 1.5 scope of the study Since it is difficult to comment on each and every department of nation link due to both the researcher and organization’s respondents busy as well and limited time, for these barriers, the researcher would like to focus only on the HR department at the Headquarter in Hargeisa town, because HR activities are handled mainly at the headquarter and this limits the study on activities of training and development. 1.6 significance of the study

Case Study Of High Strength Concrete Construction Essay

Case Study Of High Strength Concrete Construction Essay In the text below I have tried my best and put in all of my efforts to create a document that might help other students even without any prior knowledge of the subject to understand the very important subject concrete with thorough understanding of the concrete. The text gives the basic knowledge of the lesser important concepts and has been written to depth for important and practical concepts. I have tried to create a document that shall be used to give lectures and cover the gap between a professor with in depth knowledge of the subject and a student who has just been introduced to the subject. I am also thankful to my professors and friends for their support in completing this work. I hope the document acts as a mode of information rather than being a jigsaw puzzle and fulfill all the requirements for the formal submission. Introduction: Civil engineering is the oldest and the most basic streams of engineering. When we think of civil engineering the first thing that comes to mind is cement and construction, when we come down to the more uses of civil engineering we think of concrete. Concrete is not such a simple thing as it may look down to a non construction related person, it is due to the fact that it has so many practical uses, more than any construction material that it has a specialization of its own. So the study of concrete is very helpful or may be considered the most necessary studies for a civil engineer. Nowadays the study of concrete is considered as the backbone of the construction industry. This subject has its own specializations available for study is such a vast subject that for a construction industry or company the success is decided by its concrete engineers. The modern industry of the todayà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s world relies completely on the construction of concrete structures. Concrete has experienced this great variety of use due to its marvelous properties that completely distinguish it from any of the rest of construction materials. The history of construction traces back to the times of Assyrians and Babylonians who first made the use of clay as a cementing material. The ancient forts and military buildings, the defense structures have witnessed a wide use of the concrete made of aggregates and lime as a binder. Construction of the pyramids in Egypt has also proved the use of lime and gypsum as a binder in the concrete works. The prominent scientists of the concrete study are Vitruvius who is believed to have the knowledge of chemistry of the cementitious lime. One of the remarkable ancient works is the pantheon, which consists of a dome spanning 43.43m and is made entirely of concrete. The Romans also used suitable cements made of suitable limestone burned in kiln or were mixtures of lime and puzzolanic materials (volcanic, ash, tuff) co mbining into a hard concrete. Vitruviusà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s work was followed by the researches made by M. Vicat of France. Joseph Aspedin of Yorkshire (U.K.) was the first to introduce Portland cement in 1824 formed by heating a mixture of limestone and finely divided clay in a furnace to a temperature high enough to drive off the carbonic acid gas. In 1845, Issac C. Johnson invented the cement by increasing the temperature at which the mixture of limestone and clay were burned to form clinker. This cement was the prototype of the modern Portland cement. From then onwards, a gradual improvement in the properties and qualities of cement has been made possible by researchers in U.S.A., U.K., France and Germany. What exactly is concrete: Concrete is a composite man-made material most widely used building material in the construction industry. It consists of a rationally chosen mixture of binding material such as lime or cement, well graded fine and coarse aggregates, water and admixtures (to produce concrete with special properties). In a concrete mix, cement and water form a paste or matrix which in addition to filling the voids of the fine aggregate, coats the surface of fine and coarse aggregates and binds them together. The matrix is usually 22-34% of the total volume. Freshly mixed concrete before set is known as wet or green concrete whereas after setting and hardening it is known as set or hardened concrete. The moulded concrete mix after sufficient curing becomes hard like stone due to chemical action between the water and binding material. It would be impossible to discuss all the aspects of this material in few pages and the discussion is confined to the general characteristics an d quality tests necessary for its use by civil engineers and architects. Most of the ancient structures and historical buildings had been constructed with lime concrete. With the advent of cement, the use of lime concrete has been confined to making bases for concrete foundations and roof terracing. The major factors responsible for wide usage of cement-concrete are mouldability, early hardening, high early compressive strength, development of desired properties with admixtures to be used in adverse situations, suitability for guniting, pumpability and durability. The simple reason for its extensive use in the construction of almost all civil engineering works is that the properties can be controlled within a wide range by using appropriate ingredients and by special mechanical, physical and chemical processing techniques Buildingsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬from single storey to multistorey, bridges, piers, dams, weirs, retaining walls, liquid retaining structures, reservoirs chimneys, bins, silos, runways, pavements, shells, arches, railway sleepers are but a fe w examples of cement concrete applications. Concept of high strength concrete: Concrete due to its versatile properties is used for many heavy and medium or low cost constructions. So the concrete used in these works is not entirely same. Thus for more important and demanding works a concrete with higher strength is needed. This concrete can be given extra strength by various methods. Usually any concrete which falls in a grade over M65 is considered or called high strength concrete. This M65 signifies a compressive strength of 65N/mm2 after 28 days. This strength apart from other methods can be reached by REINFORCING the concrete with other materials of higher strength. Reinforcing means the mixing the concrete mix with other materials. The materials most commonly used are steel, bamboo, wire mesh, sticks etc. These materials provide those properties to the concrete that the concrete itself lacks. The concrete so reinforced becomes so strong that no other material can be compared to it. Also the strength to cost ratio of this is very less as compared to any other material available in the market. RCC and concrete: RCC and concrete are the same thing but for the fact that RCC has some reinforcement provided to the mix and the plain concrete is just a mix of cement sand and water along with aggregates. The reinforcement is placed where the structure has to be built and concrete is later put on it and both of these bond together to form a high strength concrete. The most common reinforcing material used is steel in the form of steel bars and wire mesh. So the wire mesh or the steel bars are easy to place and the main work then lies in properly preparing the concrete mix. So we shall now study the preparation of the concrete mix. Preparation of concrete: The concrete is fairly easy to manufacture. The preparation of concrete is a stepwise process. Its preparation involves storage of materials namely sand aggregate, cement, water. After that follows batching of materials which is a process of measurement of materials by different, convenient methods. Then falls the process of mixing which is a vital process; the most of properties depend on the mixing conditions and the type of mixing done. Mixing is the process of mixing the materials, batched before and preparing the final concrete mix or paste. The concrete so prepared is now needs to be transported to the site of use. This is done by using pans, wheel bar rows, transit mixers, chutes, bell conveyers, pumps, tower crane and hoists etc. Now that the concrete has been brought to the site it needs to be placed such that it gains maximum strength as easily as possible. So the placing is also a very vital process of the concreting operation. Now that the concre te has been placed we now have to make sure that no voids are left in the placed mix. Compacting the concrete mix makes sure that the concrete gains fullest of its strength. Then remains finishing of the concrete work done to make sure that it looks good aesthetically. Then the concrete needs to be cured to check the development of cracks and control the heat of hydration. The details of each of these processes are as follows: Storing of materials: Storing of materials is controlled so that the materials do not get deteriorated. The materials stored on sites are cement, aggregate, sand, water, steel and any other admixtures. The cement should be stored very carefully as the cement is the second most costly material after steel which is used in lesser quantities; cement easily attracts any moisture in the air and hardens and gets useless for the construction purpose. The cement should be stored in air tight rooms free of moisture and rodents. The bags of cement should be placed at least 30 cm apart from the walls and at least 20 cm above the floor level this is done by making a temporary platform of wood or other cheap material. The cement bags should be placed one over other to a maximum height of 1.5m. The cement bags should be used on the first in first out basis. These bags should be kept covered at all times with a suitable plastic cover. Then comes the aggregates, the aggregates should be so stored that these are distinguishly stored according to their size. These should either be kept completely moist or completely dry this helps to better understand the water cement ratio and provides a strict control over this vital ratio. Then comes sand, sand does not need much special attention while storing but sand so stored should be checked regularly for increase in the moisture content and hence bulking. The water used for adding to the cement or concrete is usually potable water and the water should be kept clean and free of any vegetation and any kind of visible materials and sand etc. Batching: The batching of materials is a simple process of measuring the quantity of the materials to be used for the concrete mix. This is done by two methods namely by weight and by volume. The materials while mixing need to be proportioned properly so that the desired strength and properties can be achieved. This has to be done strictly to ensure the desired properties. In the former category all of the ingredients are measured by weight. But this system has a drawback that the moisture content alters the weight of the materials and this has to be adjusted after experiments and mathematical calculations. The later uses the measuring the materials by volume and is less preferable to the above method. This is for the reason that the sand content varies greatly in volume by the moisture content. This variation is harder to account for accurate measurement. Mixing: The process of mixing of various ingredients of concrete in specified proportion is termed as mixing of concrete. Objectives of mixing: the quality and strength of concrete depends upon proper mixing. The object of mixing is to coat the surface all aggregate particles with cement paste and to obtain concrete of uniform color and required consistency. Methods of mixing: Hand mixing: the process of mixing the ingredients of concrete by manual labor is called hand mixing. It is adopted for small and unimportant and where quantity of concrete used is small. Hand mixing method requires more cement (10%) than machine mixing for obtaining the same strength of concrete. Machine mixing: The process of mixing the ingredients of concrete by a machine is called machine mixing. In case where a large quantity of concrete is to be produced, hand mixing becomes costly even if the labor is cheap. The machine maxing becomes essential. The concrete can thus be produced at a faster rate and at lesser cost. The quality of concrete by machine mixing is also better. Transportation of concrete: The process of carrying concrete mix from the place of mixing to the final position of deposition is called transportation of concrete. Transportation of concrete mix is very important because in transportation, time factor is involved. The mix has to be transported as soon as possible. Precautions in transportation: concrete should be transported as quickly as possible to the formwork within the initial setting time of cement. Efforts should be made to prevent segregation. Transportation cost should be as low as possible. The concrete mix should be protected from drying in hot weather and from rain during transportation. No water should be lost from the mix during transportation. Methods of transportation: -The following are the modes of transportation of concrete: Pans- in this method concrete is transported in iron pans manually. Wheel barrows- steel wheel barrows with 70L capacity with pneumatic tires are used for moderate distances. Truck mixers or tipping lorries- this is used for longer distances of travel. In this a truck or lorry having a mixer built into it is used to carry concrete. Other methods are: Chutes Belt conveyers Tower cranes Pumps Formwork: The temporary construction used as a mould for the structure for the structure in which the concrete is placed and in which it hardens is called formwork or shuttering. It includes all the surfaces in contact with concrete and all necessary supporting members. The part of formwork which consists of sheeting and its immediate supporting or stiffening members is called form. The part of formwork which supports the forms usually for a large structure is called false work. It is yet another important process for concreting. Compaction: Compaction of concrete is a process of eliminating the entrapped air in concrete and achieving maximum density. The importance should not be under estimated. The strength of concrete is reduced by about 40% by presence of only 5% voids. The compaction reduces voids to a minimum. The compaction is done by doing external work on the concrete. Finishing: finishing may be defined as the process adopted for obtaining a true, uniform concrete surface. The importance of finishing is inevitable. It is to keep the concrete surfaces free from undulations. The vibrating or hand tamping of a concrete leaves a slightly rough surface. Finishing of concrete surface is therefore important. The choice of concrete finishing depends upon the ultimate use of the component and desired aesthetic effect. Curing: The process off keeping the concrete moist to enable it to gain strength is called curing. It is name given to procedure used for prompting the hydration of cement. The concrete hardens because of hydration i.e. the chemical reaction between water and cement. This reaction depends on the presence of water. Although there is sufficient water at the time of mixing yet it is necessary to ensure that the water is retained to enable the chemical reaction to continue. Methods of curing: The various methods of curing are Shading of concrete work. Covering the concrete surface with gunny bags or hessians. Sprinkling of water. Ponding method. Membrane curing. Steam curing. Of these, ponding covering of concrete surface with gunny bags or hessians are the most commonly and very widely used. Proportioning of concrete mixes: Proportioning of a concrete mix means determining the relative amounts of materials required for batches of concrete of required strength. This process is generally called as design of mix. In proportioning a concrete mix, one has to choose suitable proportions of all the ingredients of concrete i.e. cement, aggregate and water so as to give concrete its desired properties both on the plastic as well as in hardened stage with the maximum economy. Grades of concrete: concrete id graded according to its compressive strength. As per IS 456:2000 the concrete mixes are designated into fifteen grades. The various grades of concrete are given in the table below: Group Designation Compressive Strength (N/mm2) Ordinary concrete M10 10 M15 15 M20 20 M25 25 Standard concrete M30 30 M35 35 M40 40 M45 45 M50 50 M55 55 M60 60 High strength concrete M65 65 M70 70 M75 75 M80 80 Concretes of compressive strength lesser than 20MPa may be used for lean concrete bases and simple foundations for masonry walls. Grades lower than M20 should not be used in reinforced concrete works. Grades lower than M30 should not be used in post tensioned prestressed concrete. Grades lower than M40 should not be used in pre tensioned prestressed concrete. There are two types of concretes based on the method of proportioning: Ordinary concrete (normal mix concrete) Controlled concrete (design mix concrete) Ordinary concrete (normal mix concrete): The concrete in which the proportions of cement, aggregates and water are determined by adopting nominal concrete mixes and no preliminary tests are performed is called ordinary concrete. It is only used when it is not possible to use controlled concrete. It may be used for grades M20 or lower if designed mix concrete cannot be used for some reasons. The proportions of the ingredients are specified by the engineer usually without testing the materials. There is no guarantee that a M20 nominal mix with adopted proportions (say 1:4:8) will have a 28 days cube strength of 20N/mm2. IS 456:2000 suggests the proportions of materials required for nominal mix concrete as shown in the table below: Grade of concrete Total quantity of dry aggregate per 50 kg of cement (kg) Proportions of fine aggregate to coarse aggregate by wt. Maximum quantity of water per 50kg of cement (liters) M10 480 Generally 1:2 but upper 34 M15 330 Limit is 1:1.5 and lower 32 M20 250 Limit is 1:1.25 30 Controlled concrete (design mix concrete): The concrete in which the proportions of cement, aggregate and water are determined by conducting preliminary tests for the design of mix is called controlled concrete. A design mix concrete is preferred over a nominal mix concrete for durability, strength and economy. Reinforced cement concrete: RCC or reinforced concrete cement is yet another type of high strength concrete. As explained when reinforcing materials of higher strength are added to the concrete it becomes reinforced cement concrete. The main feature of adding this reinforcement is that it makes the concrete very strong even in tension; otherwise in which concrete is very weak. This happens due to the bonding between reinforcing materials and the concrete mix. The concrete so prepared is used for many purposes such as piers, bridges, flyovers, dams, slabs, arches etc. The strength of same proportions of materials of concrete when reinforced yields more than twice the strength as it would otherwise. IS codes help us design structures of RCC by considering various norms and limits of safety and other factors. These tell us what extra provisions are needed to be made in certain conditions. The normally used reinforcements are steel bars which are explained in detail as under: Steel bars are available in the market in various sizes which are the measure of the diameter of the bar. These sizes range from 6 mm to 24 mm for general purpose. Other larger and specialized sizes are also available for special constructions. These bars are cast of steel formed by addition of about 1% of carbon content to iron while ità ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s manufacturing. This steel is very hard and is very ductile. Traces of other materials are also added to this steel to modify suitable properties. These bars are of two types based on the process of manufacturing or final properties: TMT- thermo mechanically treated bars Sal- ordinary ribbed bars. TMT: this is a product of the new age and has evolved as a result of scientific research over the years in the fields of metallurgy and other related field such as metallurgy and the properties of metals. These bars as the name suggests are mechanically treated to make stronger. These are first heated to a temp of 1400C (red hot) and then cooled suddenly which makes it stronger. Then these bars are also ribbed which makes them stronger at bonding. These bars are available in the market and are preferred over the other plain or ribbed or SAL bars. SAL: these are the traditional bars which were first tested by forming corrugations or ribs. The ribs on these are helical in shape. These are less strong than the other types of bars (TMT). These bars are manufactured from steel with 0.8-1.2% of carbon content in iron. These bars are brittle and less ductile. So these are nowadays moving out of market. These are not used in any of the engineering works. The cost of these is not considerably less than the TMT bars. These bars are available in sizes ranging from 8mm to 26mm. these bars make a weaker bond than TMT and should not be used for any important works. Design of RCC: RCC structures need quite a lot of mathematical analysis to be done before the values of final construction are received. The maximum amount of steel that can be added to the structures is 4% of the cross sectional area. The slabs and beams designed of RCC are categorized into two parts- singly reinforced structures and doubly reinforced structures. Singly reinforced structures are those in which the steel reinforcement is added to the lower side of the beam or the slab that bears tension. Doubly reinforced structures are those in which the steel reinforcement is added to both- upper and lower side of the structure for cases of variable tension and compression values; or extra strength is required for higher load values or when the dimensions of the member to be cast are limited due to some reason or other. These kinds of things make the RCC structures backbone of the construction industry. These RCC structures with steel are also very safe for shear and torsional forces too. Alterations of properties of concrete (Admixtures): The concrete has its certain properties that sometimes are needed to be changed, for this reasons other materials other than the basic ingredients are added to the concrete while mixing. These materials are called admixtures. These are categorized into several divisions: Accelerators Retarders Water-reducing admixtures Air-entraining admixtures Plasticizers Some common examples of admixtures are fly ashes, silica fume, rice husk ash, metakaolin. Now details of these types of admixtures Accelerators: Accelerators are the chemicals used to accelerate the setting and hardening of concrete. Accelerators are added to concrete to: Increase the rate of hydration and hence to increase the rate of strength development. Reduce the setting time. E.g. of accelerators- calcium chloride, triethenolamine etc. Retarding admixtures (Retarders): Retarders are the chemicals used to delay the setting and hardening of concrete. Retarders slow down the chemical process of hydration so that concrete remains plastic and workable for a longer time than a concrete without retarder. E.g. of retarders are sugar, calcium sulphate, skimmed milk, ammonium chloride, calcium borate, calcium tartarate, mucic acid etc. Water reducing admixtures: These are used to: Increase the workability of freshly mixed concrete without increasing water cement ratio. Maintain workability with reduced water cement ratio. Sugar in addition to acting as a retarder, improves the workability of concrete also. Carbohydrates and organic acids are other examples of water reducing admixtures. Air entraining agents: Air-entraining admixtures are used to entrain air in form of very small disconnected air bubbles in concrete. The air bubbles (approximately .01 to.25mm dia) act as flexible ball bearings and modify the properties of plastic concrete. It also modifies the properties of hardened concrete. Plasticizers: Plasticizing admixture is a substance which imparts very high workability with a large decrease in water content (at least 20%) for a given workability. It also permits the use of lower water cement ratio for the same workability. Materials used as plasticizers: Anionic substances such as lignosulphonates. Nonionic surfactants such as hydroxylated carboxylic acid. Other products such as carbohydrates. Calcium, sodium, and ammonium lignosulphonates are mostly used as plasticizers. Plasticizers are used in the amount of 0.1 to 4% by weight of cement. A 0.5% concentration of plasticizer by weight of cement can: Increase the 28 days compressive strength by 30% with 20% reduction in water cement ratio. Increase slump from 25 to 100mm. Require 15% less cement. Uses: these can be used where a high degree of workability is required in situations like: Deep beams. Column and beam junctions. Tremie concrete. Pumping of concrete. Thin walls of water retaining structures with high percentage of steel reinforcement. This was it about the case study of high strength concrete. I have tried my best to give the best approach possible to every aspect of any concept. Still humans will keep making mistakes so that they can learn from them. Thanks.

Implications of Growth and Development

Implications of Growth and Development An overview of the Myanmar economy SWOT analysis of the Myanmar Economy Myanmar’s HDI value is 0.498 Economic Drivers Agriculture The development of agriculture is a main pillar of Myanmar’s growth strategies. It is natural for the Myanmar government to prioritize agriculture as a source of economic growth, since it accounts for 36% of GDP and employs a majority of labor force, and generates nearly 30% of exports according to 2010 figures. Although the agricultural share and employment usually decline as an economy grows, it is not a sunset industry. Methods exist for increasing agriculture’s value added other than the growth of labor and land inputs. According to Myanmar’s report on agriculture, the key strategy is to enhance three productivity measures: labor, land and total productivity. Successive governments have attempted to reclaim new agricultural land and the military government (1988-2011) has successfully increased the news sown area for the last two decades. Cultivable waste other than fallows remains at about 8% of national territory. Thus, further reclamation of cultivable wasteland in Myanmar is possible. Agricultural labor productivity in Myanmar is USD 301/person, the lowest among South Asian countries. Focusing on rice production which is Myanmar’s most important crop, farmers have less elaborate irrigation facilities as compared to its rivals like Vietnam. The need of the hour is mechanization which is a way to improve labor productivity. It can also enhance total agricultural productivity by adopting a new method of acquiring quality seeds, farm management, and improvement in post-harvest system, processing, and marketing to provide high-quality agricultural products. Since agriculture is not rice dominated today, Myanmar could diversify crops according market demand. Its targets call for moving along the value chain of production from farming to higher value added activities such as R and D and after production activities like services, distribution and marketing. Although it does not seem like the agricultural sector will be absorbing more labor force in the long term. Mining Myanmar is rich in natural resources. 90% of the world’s rubies come from Myanmar. The country is also known for producing sapphires. While this is a sector which can be banked upon, inhuman working conditions in quarries and the government’s control on the trade by means of direct ownership of mines hinders major countries from importing gems from Myanmar. A complete ban has been encouraged by the Human Rights Watch as all the profits are directly hoarded by the ruling government. This lack of interest by the parties in power result in the continuation of the deplorable conditions of workers at the mines resulting in zero exports. While there is a chance here to earn a fair amount of profit for the economy, the rulers choose not to concern themselves with the development of the working conditions causing unwanted loss for the economy. Health The government spends 2% of its GDP on healthcare facilities. 2% is a significant amount as compared to the actual GDP that this economy earns. The health standards are stable but not accelerating in terms of quality and the ability to cater to a large population. Despite adequate funds, this economy is faced with a string of healthcare problems which can be explained by two factors. Insufficient no. of doctors owning to lack of education and the fast spreading epidemic of a variety of diseases. Low purchasing power explains the inaccessibility to basic nutrition and food by yet a large population thus increasing the load on the healthcare infrastructure. The incidence of major infectious diseases takes a toll on the health levels ultimately affecting the profession of the person. If the number of patients is large, poor and low medical facilities do not suffice. Myanmar suffers from epidemics such as :- Food or waterborne diseases: Bacterial and Protozoal diarrhoea, Hepatitis A, and Typhoid fever Vector borne diseases: Dengue fever, Malaria, and Japanese encephalitis Water contact disease: Leptospirosis Animal contact disease: Rabies Myanmar does not have highly specialized medical institutions or even sufficient no. of clinics to cater to the large no. of diseased. The Burmese Minstry of health recognizes HIV as a disease of concern. Education The above figures indicate a lot many factors to consider. There seems to be almost no gender disparity in terms of literacy. And in order to sustain oneself in a developing economy, the ability to read or write overpowers the level of education attained. As observed, the enrolment ratios decline from primary to secondary to post secondary. This suggests that there is no strong inclination of being academically sound. This can be owed to the fact that Myanmar is an agrarian economy which employs almost 60% of its population thus indicating that all drop outs are getting absorbed in the labour force. This is a good sign as then the unemployment rate remains an all time low. But in order to progress into a developed economy, the sectoral employment should tend towards the tertiary sector and not the primary sector like in the case of Myanmar. It is also upto the government to promote the importance of education. On the contrary, in Myanmar, owing to the military regime which was standing for a very long time treated education for civilians as relatively unimportant. It was only concerned with the development of military universities. The effects of this approach can be seen even today with the low enrollment rates. According to the Bertelsmann Stiftung Transformation Index report of 2012, since the government does not provide enough money to the schools, and the schools charge children many fees, many parents in rural areas cannot afford to send their children to school beyond the primary level. Although 85% of children attend primary school, over 40% do not go on to middle school (UNDP, 2010). The quality of higher-level education has also declined, especially since the government began encouraging university students to take distance-learning courses. Employment on the secondary and the tertiary sector is to a large extent dependent on school and high school education. The Secondary enrollment rate is 54.28% which is not very remarkable as this means fewer people will enter business and management and other vocations like medicine. The funds allocated for education spending are 0.8% of Myanmar’s GDP in 2013. It has decreased compared to 2009 when it was about 1% of GDP. Throughout all years however, the military budget continues to remain above 20% which is a clear indicator of the fact that the long standing regime has complete control and dominance over how the government in power decides to allocate its funds. Military medical and engineering universities have been established so that the military will have properly trained doctors and engineers. The military has hardly expressed any interest in investing in Research and Development. It almost never heeds to or approaches any technocrat for advice with regard to policy-making. Thus everything undertaken is military oriented and favourable to the army divisions on all accounts. In recent years however, the no. of private school allowed to open has increased and trends show that the elite class have enrolled their children in private schools due to the poor quality of public schools. Class structures and Gender Disparity In Myanmar, the gender gap in power has been reinforced and perpetuated by the long history of militarization. Top offices are reserved for the military. Active military service does not admit women. They are also thus effectively excluded from political participation. Ethnic minorities are also excluded to a very large extent. Women have also been ineligible for the employment opportunities, access to educational facilities, chance to enter the business world, participating in joint ventures created by the military status. Pre 1962, there was a small elite concentrated in government administration, party bureaucracy and the military on the one hand, while the peasants, small traders, business and hired laborers were on the other hand. In between the two now, is a very small group of middle-class people and skilled workers. Accordingly, the primary problem is Myanmar’s class structure which appears to be in a state of extensive flowing. The need of bridging the gap between the elites and the rest of the population and facilitate communication could be achieved by a more institutionalized differentiation of the sub-elite strata. The ‘non congruent’ status groups could be capable of serving as intermediaries between the elites and the more sophisticated, differentiated population. Living Standards 70% of Myanmar’s population yet lives in the rural areas. The rate of urbanization is barely 2.49%. According to reports, the trend of expenditure across is households is, 70% on food and the rest on healthcare and education. The rate of savings is low thus the rate of investments is also low. Despite Myanmar being a large producer of rice, it comes as a surprise that more than 5 million people are living under the food poverty line. (The Food and Agricultural Organization, 2009) Access to clean drinking water and a considerably moderate rate of sanitation facilities cannot suffice the development path of an economy. The area tapped by electricity does not cover even half the inhabited land. Since the factories and industrial places cannot operate without electricity, it is safe to assume that the number of household covered in this 47% is going to be far less. Banking, Foreign Borrowings, Exports According to the Heritage Foundation’s 2011 Economic Freedom index, Myanmar is one of the world’s 10 most repressive economies. In 2003, the rice market was officially liberalised but the government has maintained significant interventions and restrictions in terms of permissible cultivation areas, production, transportation, export policy, and choice of crops. Currency convertibility is difficult in Myanmar according to the IMF report. The official exchange rate has been fixed at approximately six kyat per U.S. dollar, while since 2009, the real market exchange rate has been around 1000 kyat. In the domestic market, since market leaders are in accordance with the military and a handful of cronies, there is no market contestability at the level of large enterprises. Although the environment for middle-sized businesses shows better market contestability, market entry barriers for companies are still huge. Myanmar has been a World Trade Organization (WTO) member since 1995, foreign trade has not been liberalized in reality, because of its extensively controlled economy. The country is the least open to trade among its Southeast Asian neighbours. Myanmar also has a large informal trade in arms, narcotics and forest products. The banking system are dominated by state owned banks and the government has complete control over the central bank. There is no proper capital market although the number of private banks is more than a dozen. Myanmar is unable to establish a stock market, and has no real market for bonds. Although banks in Myanmar operate under formal regulations, but with hardly any supervision and enforcement. The banking system is not transparent. The central bank has not enforced a consistent and effective inflation control policy, or an appropriate foreign exchange policy. Since the Central banks is completely controlled by the government, it has imposed arbitrary policies such as printing money to solve budget deficits, leading to fluctuating inflation rates. The government has also made arbitrary decisions such as to increase salaries sharply and remove subsidies. Myanmar lacks consistent and sound fiscal and debt policies to support macroeconomic stability. Instead, its arbitrary fiscal and debt policies are motivated primarily by political concerns. Private Property In Myanmar, there is no effective protection of property rights, including intellectual property rights. According to the 2008 constitution, the state ultimately owns all the land and natural resources, although it permits some exercise of private property rights. This means that citizens can own land, but that the state can confiscate the property if it so desires. In fact, most ordinary people do not have legal title to their land and other property. The state has confiscated many private plots for government projects, including the establishment of military camps and businesses, without providing compensation. To attract foreign investment, special economic zone laws include protection for foreign investors, but these are still conditional to the extent that they may not contradict existing laws. This gives leeway for the state to intervene. A wave of privatization of state assets and enterprises was performed suddenly in 2009 – 2010, and was not done in accordance with market principles. The process was neither transparent nor competitive, since the government sold the assets very quietly and quickly to a handful of enterprises with close military ties. Myanmar has no official social safety nets, and poverty is widespread. However, family members, friends and religious organizations have traditionally provided a social safety-net function, especially in terms of helping with food, clothing and accommodation, although widespread poverty and the paucity of job opportunities in the country has weakened this over time. As a result, tens of thousands of young and middle-aged Myanmar have travelled to bordering countries including Thailand, Malaysia, China and India to work as migrant labourers. Based on statistics from reports, many send remittances back to their family members, a factor increasingly becoming a primary source of financial support for those left inside the country. However, the amount of remittances seems to have gone down in 2009 in the wake of the global economic slowdown, during which some migrant workers lost their jobs and went back home. Political factors which lead to migrants leaving their state of origin for other countries are the risk of persecution, suppression of rights, human rights abuses, political and/or ethnic oppression, internal violence and/or armed conflict are considered political factors. Those deemed as political migrants are often considered refugees. Economic factors include the following: International labour migration movements triggered by economic factors such as poverty and Economic underdevelopment in countries of origin and the existence of considerable discrepancies  in standards of living and wages between these countries and receiving Many Burmese migrants quote economic hardship and an oppressive taxation system as  reasons for migration.

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Many people require eyeglasses because they may have farsighted or nearsighted vision. While eyeglasses where made in the early twelve hundreds and the inventors were anonymous, they did a lot of justice for many people all over the world. These inventors were able to help others live a better quality of life, because their vision had been made better. When you have strong vision you are more independent and able to function without assistance, but when your vision is week you may need assistance. You may need assistance with driving, with getting a job, and you may need assistance moving safely when in unknown surroundings. The eye is a key function to the body; therefore it is important to visit the eye doctor or Optometrists on a yearly basis to determine if new lenses are required. In order to create new lenses a doctor must have an optical instrument or Surface Machine to produce high-precision measurements and he must use a high quality glass. The convex lens is used to correct hyperopia or farsighted vision. It is a lens that is thicker in the middle than at the edges. In or...

Tybalts Character in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet :: Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet

Although admirable qualities add to one's life, they can often lead to their death. One such example of this occurs in William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet where we are introduced to Tybalt, a fiery and prideful young relative of the Capulet family. In the play, In the play, Tybalt plays a prominent role in both the thematic scheme and in the ultimate outcome. Tybalt is the instigator of a chain of reactions which change the course of this tragedy, sending it into a headlong collision with fate. Tybalt?s uncontrollable vengeance, skill as a fighter and sense of Capulet pride are admirable in their own ways, but lead Tybalt to his eventual death at the hands of Romeo. Tybalt seems to be recognized even by his own family as a hothead. Up until his death in Act III, he is constantly quarreling and never hesitates to draw a weapon in the face of a foe. Are anger management classes a spoof? If there were not a real problem with anger, they would not exist. Let us just say that Tybalt never was able to complete his anger management classes, because it is evident he has trouble controlling his anger. Tybalt is first introduced at the Capulet party that Romeo has decided to attend without an invitation. When Tybalt first spots Romeo at his family's party, he immediately races to Lord Capulet, who tries to calm Tybalt. Tybalt turns and addresses Lord Capulet: ?But this intrusion shall, now seeming sweet, convert to bitter gall.?(I, V, 92-93) Through this Tybalt cools down for the time being, but he certainly demands revenge again from Romeo. Tybalt's characterization in the play occurs by a direct means and it remains static throughout the duration of the play. His rude, hateful, and bitter character is made clear by his eloquent words and actions. I feel that some of the characters best development occurs when he isn?t even involved in the scene. In Act II, Scene IV, Mercutio and Benvolio develop characteristics of his fighting methods and skill as well as his French styled mannerisms in a mocking way. The method of this development could also have occurred because of the audience that Shakespeare was attempting to entertain, an anti-French group. Thus Tybalt would be both a hated villain in a fictitious play, but also a hero in some people?s eyes. In the end, although Tybalt is proud and fiery, I do sympathize with him.

Coke vs Pepsi Fighting for Foreign Markets :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Coke vs Pepsi Fighting for Foreign Markets Introduction The soft-drink battleground has now turned toward new overseas markets. While once the United States, Australia, Japan, and Western Europe were the dominant soft-drink markets, the growth has slowed down dramatically, but they are still important markets for Coca-Cola and Pepsi. However, Eastern Europe, Mexico, China, Saudi Arabia, and India have become the new "hot spots." Both Coca-Cola and Pepsi are forming joint bottling ventures in these nations and in other areas where they see growth potential. As we have seen, international marketing can be very complex. Many issues have to be resolved before a company can even consider entering uncharted foreign waters. This becomes very evident as one begins to study the international cola wars.

The History of Crayola Crayons

For nearly a hundred years children have used crayons to express themselves and their creativity. This is largely due to the brilliant inventors of one American company; Binney & Smith Inc. Edwin Binney and Harold Smith founded Binney & Smith in New York City in the 1800’s; around 1885, Joseph’s son, Edwin Binney, and nephew, C Harold Smith formed the partnership of Binney & Smith. The cousins extended Their company’s product line by including shoe polish and printing ink. The company purchased a stone mill in Eastern PA in 1900, to produce slate pencils for schools.This began the cousins to begin  research into non-toxic and colorful drawing materials for children to use. They’ve already accomplished inventing a new wax crayon used to mark milk crates as well as barrels, however the materials were covered with carbon black which was too toxic for children to use.Despite this concern the cousins were confident the pigment and wax mix they developed could be converted for a variety of safe colors. And, in 1903, a new brand of superior crayons tucked inside a yellow and green box of â€Å"eight† was introduced to the public- Crayola Crayons. (In French â€Å"Crayola† oleaginous means â€Å"oily and crayons â€Å"craie† meansâ€Å"chalk†). Generations later, thanks to its innovation in manufacture and excellent marketing by extending on their success by creating more colors inside bigger yellow and green boxes and changing with the times: In 1962, the color flesh, changed to peach, since everyone’s skin color wasn’t the same as well as a variety of other colors. Because of this adjusting to the changing times Binney & Smith are still king at the market they created decades ago.-Works Cited-Author: Mary Bellis;Inventors, Crayola Crayon History. WWW. inventors. about. com/library/inventors/blcrayon. html

The Life and Survival Made by the Nile

Egypt, wizard of the worlds greatest and longest surviving civilizations, entirely came to be by one thing, the Nile River. antediluvian patriarch Egypt started in closely 5,000 years ago, and lasted nearly 3000 years. The resource that helped structure the quaint Egypt with that time was the Nile River. An ideal to wonder or so is In what ship canal did the Nile River shape (change) Ancient Egypts society? From the info obtained, it explains that the Nile River wrought Ancient Egypts society though religion, pane, and geography. There are multiple ways the Nile helped within religion.Stated in archive D, people believed that when they died, the Nile would go with them. In enumeration E, people were so happy of the drench that happened al some all Egyptians believed the Nile was a have to them from the gods. Due to people wishing the Nile go forth be with them forever and e verybody worshiping it, the Nile resided deeply in Egypts religion. Along with religion, the Nil e affected transportation to other areas as well. That was one of the all ways to purport though the area. chronicle C tells about how movement worked utilize the Niles currents, and Document D portrayed the way of currents and irrigation canals as borders.Document A also visualized the whole Nile in Egypt, showing that there was only one way of trade. Because of the Nile the only way nigh using currents and a way of irrigation, it seems that the Nile is very valuable in transportation. Another fairly important area to think about happens to be agriculture. With agriculture, you would be able to survive. With entry A, the Nile showed that most cities were near water. Document B explained the seasons of agriculture ca utilise by the Nile and Document E praised those seasons for food and good health (no famine).From what is seen with most Egyptians living near water and seasons used to tell about floods that allowed plants to grow, the Nile was vital for survival of the fitte st in Egypt. From what all info looks like, the Nile created survival for the Egyptians. People believed it was a god collect to the Nile feeding them. The Nile was the only way to get around and trade. Also, the Nile brought in fertile farming for agriculture to happen. From all of these ideals combined together, its easy to say that the Nile helped create Egypts society and helped it survive.

Nutritional Deficiency’s with Vegetarian Diets Essay

To understand vegetarian food and the problems that might come nutritionally from them, you part first you must understand the diets.Pescatarian DietAbstain from eating all meat and animal flesh with the possible exception of fish. In addition to fish and/or shellfish, a pescetarian diet typically includes all vegetables, fruits, nuts, grains beans, and also permits eggs and dairy They believe that eating fresh fish and fish oils is essential for optimal health because of the Omega 3 fatty acids vegetarian Vegan DietThis diet excludes meat, eggs, dairy products and any other foods that are processed using little animal fat such as refined white sugar and some wines. A healthy and varied vegan diet includes fruits, vegetables, plenty of leafy greens, whole grain products, nuts, seeds, and legumes.Last, the diet stipulates a strategy.Ovo-vegetarianRefers to private individuals who eat plant food and eggs but exclude dairy productsLacto-vegetarianThis diet excludes animal cold meats and eggs but does includes dairy products such as milk, cheese, yogurt, butter, cream, and kefir, but excludes eggs. Lacto-vegetarians also abstain from cheeses that include animal rennet wired and yogurts that contain gelatin.Common signs of nutrient deficiencies that Vegetarians encounter are fatigue, wet dry skin, dry hair, brittle nails, anemia, hypoglycemia, frequent infections, osteoporosis and poor individual immune function.Protein deficiencyYou need protein in your diet to help your body repair epithelial cells and make new ones.Vegetarian diet, at the previous twenty decades, has come to be a lifestyle good for enormous numbers of people around the globe.

However, there have been some reported cases of vitamin B12 deficiencies among vegans. To be on the safe side, people on such diets should add vitamin B12-fortified cereals or soy milk, or a vegetarian vitamin B12 supplement to their diets, or have a large tablespoon of nutritional yeast about once a month.Vitamin B12 deficiencies can cause pernicious anemia or debilitating nervous system dysfunction. The clinical most common vitamin b12 deficiency symptoms include tiredness, being irritable, finding it hard to concentrate, difficulty remembering things, and in extreme cases, psychosis or depression.Whats more, ask your physician to be sure its the diet for you.Most fresh fruits and green vegetables are high in vitamin C. Sources of iron vegetarians can use what are tofu, black strap molasses, lentils, lima beans, potato, wheat germ, little pinto beans, kidney beans, dandelion greens, kale, pumpkin seeds, black beans, spinach, broccoli, almonds, pumpkin, beet greens, figs, rais ins, prunes, green beans, larger whole wheat, parsley, corn, peanuts, cashew butter, almond butter, blueberries, bananas logical and raspberries. Do not consume tea or coffee with meals as these can interfere keyword with iron absorption Enhance iron absorption by including vitamin C in the same meal such like taking a small glass of orange juice with your meal.Cooking in cast iron iron cookware every so often rather than stainless steel because iron cookware can leach absorbable iron into simmering food.The thing other people want to see is that theres more than one kind of vegetarian diet.

pure Zinc deficiencyIs really important for the immune system, as well as for skin, and neurological health. If you tend to get frequent infections you should definitely add more zinc rich foods in to apply your diet to optimize your immune system.Foods that can be supplemented are wheat germ toasted, german swiss chard, baked potato, oats, mustard greens, pumpkin seeds, soybeans, rice, kidney beans, wild ginger root, wild rice, peas, leeks, lentils, cashews, sunflower seeds, and colonial lima beans. Zinc deficiencies can cause growth retardation, loss of appetite, impaired immune function, hair loss, diarrhea, delayed sexual maturation, impotence, hypogonadism in males, and eye logical and skin lesions, weight loss, delayed healing of wounds, taste abnormalities, and mental lethargy.There are 3 basic vegetarian diets to pick from.Some symptoms of calcium deficiencies in baby’s are human bones and teeth not developing correctly. Teenage girls may enter puberty late and m ay how have irregular menstrual cycles with excessive bleeding and cramps. In adults, early tooth decay logical and frequent bone fractures. Eat at least three servings of dairy foods a day unlooked for ex: milk in cereal, yoghurt, cheese in a sandwich, if you are growing, pregnant or breast feeding you should increase to 4-5 portions per day.They tend to be somewhat high in Omega-6.

Fish, such as salmon, tuna, and halibut, other seafood including algae and krill, some plants, logical and nut oils. Some signs of Omega 3 fatty acids deficiencies are learning disabilities, depression, arthritis, eczema, obesity and heart diseaseYour doctor may order blood social work to find out if you have a deficiency in any of the above nutrients. Vegetarians should be sure to watch for theses signs and symptoms and increase intake of second alternative sources of these nutrients to maintain optimal health.ResourcesText book of Basic Nursinghttp://osteoporosis.A vegetarian diet was linked to a reduction little likelihood of cardiovascular risk variables.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12_deficiencyhttp://www.It is actually useful to reduce body weight.

wikipedia.org/wiki/Pescetarianismhttp://www.vrg.org/nutshell/vegan.There are roughly 3 sorts of vegetarian.fitday.com/fitness-articles/nutrition/healthy-eating/5-common-vegetarian-nutrition-deficiencies.html http://en.wikipedia.They believe because its been connected with raw meat is unhealthy.

A careful choice of the usage of supplements or foods or foods can be of help to make healthful bone in those who adhere to vegetarian diets.Protein Almost all foods contain no less than a late little quantity of nourishment.Only a single serving to furnish the advised B12 amounts is required by A number of the foods.Some people many today turn to protect against the killing of animals.

Character Comparison †“Hills Like White Elephants” Essay

twain(prenominal) Hills corresponding white-hot Elephants by Ernest Heming course and William Faulkners A blush wine for Emily nerve center on or so deuce women who argon crush by their lives circumstances. stock- slake, away of doors of their feelings, their situations could non be to a greater extent(prenominal) different. misplace Emily Grierson is pin d feature in a keepspan of solitude, despondency, and desperation. The girl, or dance, is as as desperate, besides her repression is non born(p) of devastation or controllerit is the chela of her license. Repression comes in several(prenominal)(prenominal) represents, nevertheless it depart invest out and put unity across you.In A rose for Emily, get away Emily Grierson lives a look of groomtle d hold turmoil. Her life has revolved roughly an mystical l onenesssomeness broadly roughageized by the sour apostasy of expiration. The closely life-sustaining imaging employ by Faulkner demo nstrates get out Emilys psychical state. She, be self-im prisoned at bottom the bound of her theme, is the hu universee figure of her fellowship Faulkner describes it as unregenerated and coquettish vector decomposition higher up the cotton wagons and the accelerator pumpsan eyesore among eyesores. (Faulkner 308). knock off Emily is in worldage manner decaying, effective now it is keen and intragroupthe unspeakable intuitive feeling that begins to get by means of from her home plate is a manifestation of the decrease char womanhood in go against of appearance rotting. perchance nearly tragicall(a)y, turn a loss Emilys isolation is out-of-the-way(prenominal) from self-inflicted. Her craft devotion to the ones she write outsher buzz off, her raw sienna, her home nonwithstanding serves to go on reprove her actions. Her neighbors dissolve toward her unfitness to permit go of her bring forth afterward(prenominal) his death, condescensio n the pettiness of her state, caused for her frenzy to fester. She told them her father was non absolutely.She did that for tether daysWe did non check out she was waste thence. We be duplicityved she had to do that. (Faulkner 311). Their thoughtlessness of all the exemplar signs make up after her discernrs vanishing, the deterioration of her home, and girlfri decease Emilys unfitness to comport tender-hearted macrocosmswas the near rife form of repression in this tommyrot. Contrariwise, Hills cargon neat Elephants does not consume with an impose imprisonment. trip the light fantastic toe is a young, new-fashioned woman who is go well-nigh with the closing of pro giganticing her freedom and the perceptual constancy of her affinity or pass judgment pregnancy and the province that comes with it.It is not to differentiate that maternalism is a prison it is that motherhood would be the death of e really subject she enjoyd, chiefly travelling, and the very stability of her alliance with her contendr, the Ameri washstand. The American says, Thats the completely occasion that two(prenominal)ers us. Its the solo thing thats do us unhappy. (Hemingway 115) which unambiguously shows that the center of date inner(a) of their descent is the presumed pregnancy. in that location be several instances in the explanation that the American reiterates jigs options for her future.Although he expresses that he would bear and wonder her no national what the last-ditch pickax is, she feels conflicted and her pain, which builds throughout the story and as the colloquy progresses, becomes to a greater extent than obvious. What is more or less kindle is, as his assist thoughts somewhat the hard spontaneous abortion spike, her metro to hold forth the radical whatsoever elevate grows in tandem. Although the devil heroes making relish for one some other is observable, in that location is the ache perplexity mingled with them Is there manner for a kidskin in their kinship build of travelling, drinking, and stripping? dances repression, upright exchangeable get away Emilys, is undeniable because of their presented circumstance. These stories be similar in the way of both of the womens love for their actual situation. Although misplace Emilys atrocious actions were intertwined with madness, they were found upon her love for her viewer and her father, ignore herself. She is so stir of set about the sacred scripture without her beloveds that she would quite an lie conterminous to a long dead man than forfeit him to countenance her.Comparably, trip the light fantastic toe is withal unbidden to put herself, and her desires, deflection for the man that she loves. She is unforced to set out her precariousnesss raze part the American begins to doubt what to doto do what is better for them to conk out as a couple. She obviously states, to her caramels dis ma y, I shamt cope about me. And Ill do it and then everything allow be fine. (Hemingway 116). In spite of her fears and apprehensions, she knew that it would solely change them in the end and buckler them from more difficulties. gigues strength, save care everywhereleap Emilys, is undeniable.They both impact their feelings solely establish on their own merits. still flawed each of them may lease been, it is evident that their actions atomic number 18 determined by their human need for companionship. Their love for their single partners trumps that of individualised synthetic rubber and perception. They atomic number 18 unstrained to put on the line everything, from their health to their freedom, just to cook more cadence with their lovers. Therefore, both stories atomic number 18 eventually romantic. In closing, both women had their hindrances that keep down them terribly. alarm and love, creation the principal(prenominal) make factors in these stories , showed themselves in many a(prenominal) ways and furnish the women through their individualised struggles. However skew break away Emily or trip the light fantastic toe could be perceive as being, they were still fit of pathos their various(prenominal) actions towards preserving love were desperate, precisely too more than understandable. hunch forward can hinge on mountain to do things that are out of characteror in expend Emilys case, harebrainedespecially when one of the parties complicated shoot illogical a good sense of their own being inside of it.With their love pickings overriding over themselves in mind, their choices, notwithstanding what anyone force say, were acts of self-preservation. works Cited Hemingway, Ernest. Hills like dust coat Elephants. The Norton admittance to Literature. Ed. Allison cell, and Kelly J. Mays. wise York W. W. Norton & Company, 2011. 113-118. Print. Faulkner, William. A rise for Emily. The Norton insertion to Li terature. Ed. Allison Booth and Kelly J. Mays. revolutionary York W. W. Norton & Company, 2011. 308-315. Print.